One in ten women of childbearing age suffers from polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS. The cause of PCOS is not completely understood, but it affects both the menstrual cycle and metabolic system. Ovulation, or the process of the ovary releasing an egg each month, is inhibited and results in abnormal levels of multiple hormones, including LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. PCOS is also associated with elevated insulin and insulin resistance. 

Symptoms

• Having less than 8 periods a year

• Thick, dark hair on the face or body, especially the chest or abdomen

• Hair loss on the head

• Acne

• Infertility

• Weight gain and obesity

• Mood disorders including depression and anxiety

Potential Risk Factors

The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, but a few factors can play a role in its development:

• Weight gain: PCOS is more common in people who are obese.

• High insulin levels: Polycystic ovary syndrome patients frequently have insulin resistance. Blood levels of insulin may become higher than usual as a result of this. 

• Increased androgen (male hormone): Although all female bodies produce a small amount of androgen, when this hormone is produced in excess, it can give women male characteristics. 

• Genetic: According to studies, women who have diabetes or PCOS in their families are more likely to develop the condition.

Testing for PCOS

A variety of tests are available to diagnose PCOS. These include:

• Physical exam 

• Pelvic exam 

• Pelvic ultrasound 

• Blood tests

Treatment for PCOS

Lifestyle Changes: 

• Weight loss – lowers blood glucose levels and make the body more efficient in the way it uses insulin. Even a small amount of weight loss can help make menstrual periods more regular.

• Limit carbohydrate intake – Since carbohydrates increase insulin levels, it’s best to lessen carbohydrates from the diet.

• Stop smoking – Cigarette smoke can raise androgen levels in women, contributing to PCOS symptoms and making them worse.

• Regular exercise- improves insulin resistance and assists with weight loss

• Stress management- improved sleep, such as yoga and meditation, and counseling and therapy can also be helpful.

Medications

• Hormonal management regulates the menstrual cycle and stabilizes hormone levels by increasing progestin and decreasing androgen levels. This can also help with abnormal hair growth and acne, as well as mood changes associated with PCOS.

• Metformin and other medications can improve insulin resistance

• Targeted treatments for acne and hair growth.